balmm currents  

Basin Alliance for the Lower Mississippi in Minnesota

October 13, 2004

 

NEXT BALMM MEETING:  Wednesday, October 20, 9-12 am at the Rochester MPCA office.

 

PERENNIAL QUESTION GETS ‘COVERED’ AT BALMM: At the August BALMM meeting, Steve Morse and Don Wyse, University of Minnesota, opened our eyes to new vistas in perenniality – a newly invented word that stops spellcheck cold, but helps us communicate shorthand about the many possible ways to keep land covered with vegetation. At the next BALMM meeting Oct. 20, we put a special focus on cover crops, a new variety called kura clover (what does it kure? find out) and revisit our cover crop strategy. Plus, get an update on the evolving marketing strategy for CRP and (we hope someday, someway) CREP. Finally, we take a crack at ranking our excellent new crop of 319 project proposals, a perennial favorite fall ritual. Come one, come all……

 

BALMM PARTNERS PREPARE FOUR NEW PROJECT PROPOSALS: Three fecal coliform reduction projects for surface water, plus a groundwater monitoring project, make up this year’s set of new proposals for federal EPA funding under the 319 program. These projects, which will be discussed at the Oct. 20 BALMM meeting, are summarized as follows:

 

Building (Local) Capacity for Community Solutions to Wastewater Problems (Submitted by Cannon River Watershed Partnership)

This proposal entitled “Building (Local) Capacity for Community Solutions to Wastewater Problems” is part of a basin-wide response to the findings of the Regional Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) Study of Fecal Coliform Bacteria Impairments in the Lower Mississippi River Basin in Minnesota (MPCA, 2002).  This TMDL identified excessive levels of fecal coliform bacteria in the streams of the Lower Mississippi River Basin in Minnesota as posing a risk to human health.  Both unsewered communities and failing individual sewage treatment systems (ISTS) were identified as major sources of fecal coliform pollution.  In the spring and summer dry periods, these sources account for an estimated 52% of the fecal coliform load contribution.  The Regional TMDL calls for a 65% reduction of bacterial loading from failing septic systems and unsewered communities.  Given that an estimated 65,000 people and 104 communities in the basin have inadequate wastewater treatment, a concentrated effort to upgrade improperly operating systems and effectively manage compliant systems is necessary to achieve this magnitude of reduction.  Previous basin-wide grants have focused on improperly functioning ISTS and health threats posed by unsewered communities.  They provided guidance, instruction, facilitation and fiscal assistance to move individuals and communities toward attaining responsible sewage treatment and performing proper operation and maintenance of community and individual wastewater treatment systems.

The proposed project will consolidate and build on the achievements of previous efforts by developing ongoing local capacity to effectively manage rural sewage treatment.  If funded, this proposal will support the hiring of two facilitators who will be responsible for education and technical assistance.  These facilitators, along with University of Minnesota Extension Service’s Onsite Sewage Treatment System program, will help communities begin solving their wastewater treatment problems.  In addition, the program will offer a financial incentive to communities to become engaged in the improvement process, creating local ownership of the issue along the way.  This will be done in two phases.

First, the project will work with unsewered communities to conduct an initial needs assessment.  This helps communities determine local regulations, geographic conditions, lot sizes, status of current ISTS, well locations and depths, and potential individual or cluster onsite solutions.  The assessment is necessary in order to establish which direction the community will proceed with: publicly funded community collection and treatment, privately funded replacement of ISTS, or a combination of both. 

Then, based on the findings of the initial needs assessment, project facilitators will help communities overcome initial hurdles by providing small cost-share grants to complete necessary inventories and feasibility studies.  These studies are necessary to initiate the upgrade process and are often a barrier for communities that are aware of significant wastewater issues but do not have staff or resources to begin such a detailed process.  They also allow a community to consider a variety of creative approaches to solving its treatment problems.  Once these hurdles are overcome, communities will be in a position to compete for more substantial funding to design and construct the treatment system that best suits their community. 

Requested funding for the project would implement the following objectives:

 

  • Provide education and facilitation to 20-30 communities throughout the region.
  • Engage at least six new communities in the improvement process.
  • Assist at least 3 targeted townships with the development of programs aimed at reducing human sources of fecal coliform pollution through pumping programs, educational campaigns, etc. 
  • Positively affect local policies to embrace new or expanded management practices within county ISTS programs.
  • Research and evaluate the capabilities and costs of various ISTS management programs.
  • Work with counties to utilize the capabilities of their ISTS data management systems to encourage Best Management Practices for ISTS owners.

 

The project will be carried out by a partnership of six counties in the Cannon River watershed, seven counties of the Basin Alliance of the Lower Mississippi in MN, the Cannon River Watershed Partnership, the SE MN Water Resources Board, the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, and the University of MN Extension Service. 

 

Prairie Creek Watershed Improvement Project (Submitted by the Cannon River Watershed Partnership) The Prairie Creek watershed includes an area of approximately 50,952 acres; the majority of its acreage (70%) lies in Rice County, and the remaining 30% is in Goodhue County.  Prairie Creek is a major tributary of the Cannon River (joins at Byllesby Reservoir), which drains to the Mississippi River near Red Wing, Minnesota.  The stream in its entirety (headwaters to mouth) was labeled impaired in 1994 due to excessive levels of fecal coliform bacteria; in 2004, the stream’s official troubles were compounded by a listing for excessive turbidity – again from headwaters to mouth.  What is more, the body of water to which Prairie Creek drains – the Byllesby Reservoir – was included on the 303(d) list due to excessive nutrient concentrations.  Thus, the problems in this stream’s watershed – pathogens, sediment and nutrients – are interrelated, multidimensional and well-documented.

 

Two diagnostic studies have addressed the fecal coliform impairment in the Prairie Creek watershed: Regional Total Maximum Daily Load of Fecal Coliform Bacteria Impairments in the Lower Mississippi River Basin in Minnesota (completed by the MPCA in 2002), and Prairie Creek Minnesota Total Maximum Daily Load (drafted by Tetra Tech EM, Inc. in 2002).  Both of these studies suggested that livestock manure – particularly that applied to cropland – is a primary source of pathogen loading to Prairie Creek: “Factors involving the broadcasting of manure onto land with moderate to steeper slopes in closer proximity to drainage channels are important to bacterial loading in this watershed (MPCA Regional TMDL, page 90).”  Both documents suggest manure management and buffer strips as primary means of addressing Prairie Creek’s fecal coliform impairment: “…techniques include extended storage and composting of manure, incorporation of surface-applied manure, and field buffers (MPCA Regional TMDL, page 91).”  Thus, these two reports provide the diagnostic basis for this proposed project, which would address the entire Prairie Creek watershed.  Additionally, the Watershed Restoration Action Strategy: Fecal Coliform Bacteria Impairment in the Lower Mississippi River Basin of Southeast Minnesota was used as a guidance document for these suggested implementation strategies, as the regional approach to implementation is well underway with numerous complementary collaborations.

 

Local efforts to install conservation measures are moving in the right direction.  However, limitations in staff time and resources available to address this impairment limit the effectiveness of some programs.  Accordingly, this project will accelerate current efforts to reduce pathogen loading to Prairie Creek.  Staff time dedicated specifically to this watershed, and some new, personalized approaches, will result in an effort that will complement the work of Rice and Goodhue County Soil and Water Conservation Districts (SWCDs) and ultimately achieve greater participation in critical conservation programs.

 

Proposal.  Cannon River Watershed Partnership (CRWP), Rice and Goodhue County SWCDs will work to reduce fecal coliform concentrations in the Prairie Creek watershed by 40% by 2012.  Within this 3-year project period, fecal coliform bacteria will be reduced by up to 20% in priority areas. This collaborative effort will approach the reduction of pathogen pollution by the following means: (1) increased participation in continuous CRP (buffer strips and farmed wetlands), (2) more and better manure management, (3) more and better residue management.  Additionally, we are proposing to hybridize this implementation effort with an investigation of the turbidity impairment in the watershed; this problem likely shares the same delivery mechanisms as those of the pathogen problem – thus, further understanding of its nature would be useful in addressing both impairments.

 

Program Element Summary:

Rice and Goodhue Soil and Water Conservation Districts (primary, existing efforts):

·          Continue to promote, administer and provide technical assistance for existing conservation programs.

Cannon River Watershed Partnership (complementary, new efforts):

·          Develop a comprehensive GIS for the entire watershed, including digitization of conservation practices.

·          Complete and digitize a survey of stream characteristics and the immediate riparian area.

·          Develop individualized information packets for landowners in the watershed, that include letters of encouragement from LGUs and air photos of property with CRP eligible lands and financial options highlighted (this personalized encouragement to participate in CRP has been highly successful in Grant County).

·          Conduct outreach with landowners and elected officials regarding agricultural best management practices (including residue and manure management) using both mass media and targeted approaches.

·          Promote use of CRWP’s manure trailer scales in manure management planning.

·          Examine the stream’s turbidity impairment and potential relationships between pathogen delivery/presence and sediment loading and/or resuspension.

Perform follow-up monitoring of fecal coliform bacteria; promote CSMP participation in the watershed

 

South Branch Whitewater Watershed - Bacteria Reduction Project

(Submitted by the Whitewater Watershed Project)

The South Branch of the Whitewater River Watershed is located in Winona and Olmsted counties, in Southeast Minnesota, and is 93 square miles in size.  The western portion of the South Branch is part of the Rochester Plateau, with gently rolling land that is heavily row cropped.  The eastern portion of the watershed is more rolling, and is dissected by steep valleys with wooded slopes.  The crop fields in the Eastern portion are smaller, with more hay and pasture present.  Dairy and beef are the major livestock types in the watershed.  Overall the South Branch is 64% cropland, 16% forest, 10% pasture, and 10% wildlife and urban/suburban.

70% of the urban population of the Whitewater Watershed is in the South Branch, and includes the rapidly growing cities of St. Charles, Dover and Eyota.

 

The lower third of the South Branch of the Whitewater River supports a healthy population of brown trout, and flows through the Whitewater Wildlife Management area.  Crystal Springs Fish Hatchery is located in this lower portion of the South branch.  The South Branch enters the main stem of the Whitewater River near the town of Elba, then flows northeast, through the 27,000 acre Whitewater Wildlife Management Area, and discharges to the Mississippi River at Weaver Bottoms, an important waterfowl staging area.

 

The South Branch of the Whitewater River is listed as impaired for full body recreation and aquatic life because of exceedences of the fecal coliform and turbidity standards.  Monitoring data shows the Whitewater River Watershed having the highest fecal coliform bacteria levels in the Lower Mississippi River Basin.  The May geometric mean is 1,988 CFU/100ml and the summer mean is 1,070 CFU/100ml, compared to the state chronic water quality standard of 200 CFU/100ml.  The Whitewater Watershed Project diagnostic study found fecal coliform bacteria contamination of surface and ground water to be a significant problem, and set goals and objectives to address the problem.  The project goals and objectives include education, cost-share, and incentives – and are the focus of this proposal.

 

Through this bacteria reduction project, the project will utilize education, technical assistance and financial assistance to reduce bacteria levels in the South Branch of the Whitewater River.  Using the Regional TMDL Implementation Plan as a guide to focus our efforts, we will target our resources on failing residential septic systems, unprotected feedlots, manured fields, sensitive features, and urban storm water runoff sources to bring them into conformance with state rules and best management practice guidelines for fecal coliform.  More specifically the project team will focus its efforts in the South Branch of the Whitewater River Watershed to 1) educate watershed residents and local officials about fecal coliform bacteria pollution, 2) develop customized maps on sensitive features and setback requirements for all livestock farmers, 3) offer low interest loans for low-cost feedlot fixes and individual sewage treatment system upgrades, and 4) utilize existing cost share programs and watershed staff to increase technical and financial assistance utilization for the adoption of targeted BMP’s for the reduction of fecal coliform bacteria pollution. 

 

We will implement our goals and objectives within the South Branch subwatershed utilizing existing partnerships and financial resources available in the watershed, coupled with additional resources, as outlined in this proposal, in a targeted effort to reduce coliform bacteria levels in the river system.  Work on this project will be prepared to begin in June 2005.

 

 

Volunteer Nitrate Monitoring Network in Targeted Areas – a Pilot Project

319 Demonstration Project (submitted by the SE MN Water Resources Board)

This proposal entitled, “Volunteer Nitrate Monitoring Network in Targeted Areas – a Pilot Project” is designed to be a nine-county effort to develop and test the concept of a cost-effective, locally driven, and sustainable means of obtaining long-term trend data for nitrate occurrence in private drinking water supplies. In each county, approximately 50 - 150 homeowners will be selected to participate in a monitoring design developed by hydrologists from the MN Departments of Health (MDH) and Agriculture (MDA) in cooperation with county water resource managers.  Homeowners will be an integral part of the proposed project design and will be trained to sample for nitrates and ship their water samples to specified county locations.  The concept would build upon the existing framework of the highly successful Nitrate Well Testing Program that has been funded by 319 funds since 1999. Through the Nitrate Well Testing program, many county cooperators have become trained in using the nitrate testing equipment and experienced in working with homeowners on water quality issues. County staff will conduct the nitrate analysis using this existing instrumentation. 

 

In southeastern Minnesota, virtually all drinking water supplies are from ground water sources.  A baseline ground water monitoring study was conducted throughout the region in 1992 -3.  As part of discussions regarding a 10-year follow-up monitoring design, a survey was conducted in 2003 to determine the primary ground water concerns of county staff.  In eight out of nine counties, nitrate contamination of drinking water supplies in certain sensitive areas was determined to be the chief concern.  Based on this survey, areas identified for targeted monitoring included those identified in geologic atlases as hydrogeologically sensitive, areas where the protective Decorah shale layer is absent, areas of focused recharge at the edges of confining layers, where the Cedar Valley aquifer is still used as a water supply (>50 feet to bedrock), sensitive areas where nitrates are still relatively low, high growth areas, river corridors, areas with high sinkhole potential or other karst features, and Wellhead Protection Areas. 

 

Although nitrates are a proven health risk, Minnesota has no program in place to determine long-term trends for nitrate contamination in private drinking water wells.  This situation exists despite the fact that the Minnesota Ground Water Protection Act of 1989 states that pollutants found to be consistently at or above the Health Risk Limits require “expanded investigation of source and extent”.  With a monitoring network in place, counties would have the means to determine the efficacy of their water quality programs, to identify emerging trends, and to target water management resources for program implementation.

 

Furthermore, this proposed regional project would give the ground water-vulnerable counties of southeastern Minnesota an opportunity to obtain significant long-term water quality data at a time when federal pressure has caused the state to focus their attention on surface water concerns at the expense of protecting drinking water sources. As such, the state fails to recognize the acute and chronic health impacts of human consumption of contaminated drinking water and ignores the significant contribution of ground water to the base flow of many surface water bodies.  This is especially true in the karst areas of southeastern Minnesota where groundwater provides base flow for coldwater streams. 

 

This proposed project includes five major elements:

 

1)      Based on analysis of existing data, MDH, MDA, and county staff will design a scientifically defensible ground water monitoring network for each county;

2)      Each county will hire a County Well Network Coordinator to establish a long-term nitrate sampling network;

3)      The Network Coordinator will visit each potential home to conduct a brief site inspection, administer a homeowner survey of drinking water attitudes and practices, and train the homeowner on the proper way to collect, preserve and ship the water samples;

4)      Based on homeowner and staff feedback, evaluate the feasibility of this innovative approach for nitrate data collection and its applicability to other areas of the state; and

5)      Prepare county staff for transition to maintaining a low-cost well monitoring network with existing county resources.

 

This project will be carried out by a partnership of nine member counties of the SE MN Water Resources Board in partnership with the Minnesota Department of Agriculture and the Minnesota Department of Health. 

 

BEARS REPEATING: "Out of that raging debate, with leadership, comes consensus" -- Ross Perot, Oct 15, 1992 presidential debate

 

Send comments and items for future editions to:

balmm currents editor: Norman Senjem, MPCA

Phone: 507/280-3592

Fax: 507/280-5513

norman.senjem@pca.state.mn.us